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I @einer mi mi 'i4-mw" ELISHA'WATERS ANDGEORGEA. WATERS, 0F TRQKNE'W YORK.

Letters Pate@ 1v-o. 79,421, dfe.- June eo, 186s.-

Imanavgat-ENT 1N soars'.

`.[O' .A] |L WHOM. IT MAY CONCER'N: l Be it known-that we,ELISHA WATERS and GEORGE A, WATERS, of Troy, in the county 'of Rensselaenaud A Stateef New York, have invented certain new an`d useful Improvements in the Building of Shell, Working, and other descriptions of Boats; and we do hcreby declare thefolloiving tol be a full, clear, and exact description of the method of applying the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a p'art of this specification, in 'which-'- Figure 1 is a perspective vevr'of a section of a shell-boat taken six feet from the stern-post.

-Figure l2, a cross-section, taken at midships, of the model or form over or on` which the skin of the boat iSmade. y

Figure 3, view of a bulk-"head at endof'cockpit ashellfboahshowing cross-section of combing, gunwales, keel, and kelson.

Figure`4, cross-section through carline of afmished shell-boat, showing the method of framing with paper skin and deck. Y f

Our invention relates-'- l First, to the manner .of forming, with-paper, the shell-lor skin andthe decks of boatsfso that these parte shall be perfectly water-tigl1t, and Vthe boats stiier, stronger, and 'lighter than ifmade of Wood inthe usualway.-

To enable-one skilled in the art to apply and use this invention, we will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings, u

'The dimensions and lines of theboat .to be built being given, a model Virrsyood'is constructed, conformable thereto, of the full size required, so that-the water-lines' on its exterior surface shall be exactlythose desired in theboat to be built. i

This rn-edel may be made in any way known in carpentry, care' being taken'to have it suihcieutly strong arnlstii tobear a heavy pressure'on its exterior surface; i'n putting .on the paper coating forming't'heskiu of theboat, and that it may be turned overas required. i l i Fig. Z'shows a cross-section'of a model for a single-shell boat, inwliiehA the breadth at mlidships is thirteen inches. Channels are cut in Ithe model', or left inthe proper places during its-construction, to'receive the keel, gunnales,'and, where they a'rerequired, the ribs. Piecesof wood of suitable size being fitted to these grooves, thcyare -then worked s othat their exterior` surfaces shall foi'm p'art of and conform to the`,suri`a;ce of the model along the channels, as zshotvn at a c, g. 2. v

Longitudinal' strips, two inches thick, marked in 'cross-section at d e, iig. `2, are theuattached by screws to the upper or plane surface of the model, the outeria'ces of these strips being a continuation of itsexterior lWarped surface; `the object of' the. strips being to aord a means of holding in position the paper composing the skin, by means of tacks tt'driven through the paper intothem, and thus enabling the perfect pper skin .to

bee-ut. -and- 'separated from the model along'thegunwalea'at the line m m. y A

The;moglel is nony .ready to be covered with paper', whichfmay be eitherin the form of-pulp or of sheets, as tbe-nature of thesurfaceto be covered .may-require. f The latter are considered preferable, `where the surface ofi'thc model'atill admit of 'their beingiput'onsmoothly. It is desirable that the width of the sheets should be 'sulhcient to entirelysu'rround the model, and extend over the strips-rZ-and e, as shown g.

When it is necessary to enable it to'take the form of' the model perfectly, the paper selected lfor the iirst vor inner layer may be dampened- It is then placedonthemodel, pressed. into shape throughout itswhole surface, so that it presents neither Wrinkle nor unevenness, and tacked to the strips d and e, -2.

,Other layersrof` paper, composed of one or' more sheets, as maybe found necessary, previously saturated -and madeperfectly impervious to water throughout 4t'he eri'ti1" lbre,`or'"otherwise treated, according'ito circulestances, .are now superposed on the first, each layer firmly attached to the one below it by means of shellacor other suitable adhesive substance, and all-these layers. pressed together, so a's to .form a solidmass, .of any desirable.thicknessyd'ependingon the 'size ofboat, audtheamouut of strength and resistance wanted'.

'i Before the last layer isput on, the keel is attached to theskin by nails and screws, Athe skin removed from themodel, theinteri'or framing fitted inplace, and the skin firmly attached thereto, (see figs. and 4.).

Previous to itting'the interior framing innlace, the posts p, carlines b c, iig. 4, and the ribs,,where it is considered desirable, are, after being reduced-to theirlminimum s ize, covered with one or more thicknesses of suitable paper, cemented in place by glue, shellac, or other suitable adhesive substance.

A deck, of paper, s s', figs. 1 and 4, is now stretched. over such parts of the hullas may require it, composed'ot' one or more thicknesses or layersand. resting on a sub-deck of wood, or having no such support, as may he required. v v i v l v f This deck is-'ormed in the'sanie manner as has been described for the skin of` therboat, the'under layer of paper being `rrnly"attached, by means of-suitableiwntenproot composition, to vthe Wooden deck, or, in the absence of the latter, to such parts of the' framing as will properly secure it. The edges of ythepaper are brought over the edges of the skin at the gunwales, similarly attached to the skin by shellac, or other Waterresisting substance or composition, and a protecting finish given by means of the mouldingsv v.

VWater 'and air-tight compartments may be made at each end-ot` the hu 1l by placing bulk-'heads of Wood -where needed,'and covering them with a skin of papenof any required thickness or strength, in the manner described. l l

The surface of the hull may be finished, to resist the action of the vvater', and of friction against other substances, in any manner suited to the'use to which the boat is tdhe put, as experience may dictate.

` Having thus 'fully described the nature and object of our invention, we do not claim the use or application of paper, in any of, its forms as herein set forth, to the construction or manufacture of models of ships, boats,

. or other vessels, or to the construction or manufacture of forms of boats, to be used as ornaments, toys, or for.

boxes'used as receptacles for various articles, in which the decks serve as covers Ior lids, as is set forth in the English provisional specification of Henry Bacheler,-N0. 3,081, of December 14, 1860; but

What we claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-' The building lof the'entire shell lor'skin, and the decks, (Where used,) of paper,as hercinbefore set forth, and thus forming a newv article of manufacture.

Troy, New York, October' 30, 1857.

' l ELISHA WATERS,

Guo. A. WATERS.

Witnesses:

J. HA'rrIELD, O. K. HILL. 

